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Longer references — doing business in Egypt, the annual tax calendar — as downloadable PDFs.
Does Odoo's Egyptian payroll package get social insurance and salary tax right? Its documented rates match 2026 law; wage limits, health insurance and the 2027 rise need setting.
What Odoo 20 (September 2026) changes in e-invoicing, withholding tax, the chart of accounts and payment statuses for Egyptian companies, and what to test before upgrading.
What turns a foreign company's representative office into a permanent establishment in Egypt, and what keeps it out? The PE test, tax registration and tax on staff salaries.
How is a foreign representative office registered in Egypt? A GAFI filing, legalised papers, a bank certificate, fees and a three-year undertaking; insurers have their own regime.
Must a private company prepare a budget? We found no such rule in Egypt's Companies Law, but it is a tool for cash and control. How to build it from sales to cash and track it.
When does an Egyptian company need tax advice before acting? At set-up, on an examination notice or assessment, before related-party deals or paying non-residents, and on new laws.
What goes into the cost of a small factory's products? Materials, direct labour and a share of overheads, with fixed overheads spread over normal capacity, as EAS 2 requires.
The market, income and cost approaches in EAS 45 and the FRA standards, when the Companies Law requires an in-kind contribution to be valued, and fair value in disposal tax.
Where does internal control break down in a family company? Cash in one pair of hands, related-party deals, mixed money and verbal approvals. Egypt's Companies Law covers several.
Does Egyptian law require financial due diligence before buying an unlisted company? We found nothing in the Companies Law that does. It is not an audit; Standard 4400 is closest.
When is a prepayment an asset and an unbilled service a liability? The accrual basis under EAS 1, two worked examples, accruals versus provisions, and the effect on tax deduction.
Asked for less than a full audit? The standards set the engagements apart: an audit gives an opinion, a review a conclusion, agreed-upon procedures and compilation no assurance.