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Tax and legal alerts as they are issued, English translations of new Egyptian decrees, and longer guides — written and signed by the partners who do the work.
Law 4 of 2018
Where does internal control break down in a family company? Cash in one pair of hands, related-party deals, mixed money and verbal approvals. Egypt's Companies Law covers several.
Are founders' shares locked up? How does an Egyptian company give staff shares or options? The rules, the shareholders' agreement and the tax on granted shares.
When can the board raise capital alone, and when does an extraordinary assembly need three-quarters of the shares represented? How is capital reduced without harming creditors?
When must a general meeting be called, and what quorum and majority apply? Ordinary: three months, a quarter of capital. Extraordinary: half, two-thirds or three-quarters.
What separates limited from unlimited liability, and how much capital does each Egyptian company form need? Six forms compared by founders, liability and minimum capital.