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Tax and legal alerts as they are issued, English translations of new Egyptian decrees, and longer guides — written and signed by the partners who do the work.
Law 159 of 1981
Must a private company prepare a budget? We found no such rule in Egypt's Companies Law, but it is a tool for cash and control. How to build it from sales to cash and track it.
The market, income and cost approaches in EAS 45 and the FRA standards, when the Companies Law requires an in-kind contribution to be valued, and fair value in disposal tax.
Where does internal control break down in a family company? Cash in one pair of hands, related-party deals, mixed money and verbal approvals. Egypt's Companies Law covers several.
Does Egyptian law require financial due diligence before buying an unlisted company? We found nothing in the Companies Law that does. It is not an audit; Standard 4400 is closest.
When must an Egyptian parent prepare consolidated statements, and who is in them? EAS 42 ties consolidation to control; the Companies Law regulations and listing rules add duties.
Are founders' shares locked up? How does an Egyptian company give staff shares or options? The rules, the shareholders' agreement and the tax on granted shares.
What should an Egyptian company prepare before an investor comes in? Audited accounts, sound books, clean tax and insurance files, and a properly run capital increase.
Which legal form for an Egyptian startup, and what does an offshore holding change? It keeps the Egyptian company in Egyptian tax, and may be resident itself.
When must dissolving an Egyptian company go to the members, and what may its liquidator do? The authorities get 120 days to state claims; the final return is due within 60 days.
When can the board raise capital alone, and when does an extraordinary assembly need three-quarters of the shares represented? How is capital reduced without harming creditors?
Should a foreign investor open a branch or a representative office in Egypt? A branch trades and is taxed on profits; an office may only study the market.
What is a complete set of financial statements under Egyptian Accounting Standard 1? Five statements, notes and comparatives, which a joint stock company approves in three months.